as all Ulema and historians agreed that the head of Hazrat Imam Hussain (RA) was brought from Syria to Karbala and buried there.A religious scholar and leader of Shia Ulema Council Maulana Jaffar Subhani said that he did not find any relevant mention in the history. [118] In South Asia, an ornately tacked horse called zuljenah, representing Husayn's battle horse, is also led riderless through the streets. After the death of Hasan, when Iraqis turned to Husayn, concerning an uprising, Husayn instructed them to wait as long as Mu'awiya was alive due to Hasan's peace treaty with him. [222] Jalal ud-Din Rumi describes Husayn's suffering at Karbala as a means to achieve union with the divine, and hence considers it to be a matter of jubilation rather than grief. Madelung believes that some of these reports may imply a little preference of Muhammad for Hasan over Husayn, or pointing out that Hasan was more similar to his grandfather. His mother is Layla, the daughter of Abi Murrah ibn Urwah al-Thaqafi and Maymuna bint Abi Sufyan, the sister of Mu'awiya. Und ich habe viele Theorien ber den Kopf von Imam al-Husayn, alayhi as-salam, gehrt. "[167] Lammens has agreed to this view and he sees in Husayn a person who disturbs public peace. peace be upon them, the head is buried with the holy body in the holy . The head was then buried in a niche of one of the internal walls of the Umayyad Mosque for about two hundred twenty years. "[10] Haeri writes in the Encyclopedia of the Islamic World: According to some narrations, Husayn or Hasan were wounded in the case of defending Uthman. [151] 8 Muharram: Referred to as the Muharram Rebellion, the Bengali Muslims of Sylhet lead one of the earliest anti-British uprisings in the subcontinent. She criticizes Lammens' hypothesis as being based on a single isolated report and being devoid of critical analysis. Brief History of Transfer of the Sacred Head of Hussain ibn Ali, From Damascus to Ashkelon to Qahera By: Qazi Dr. Shaikh Abbas Borhany PhD (USA), NDI, Shahadat al A'alamiyyah (Najaf, Iraq), M.A., LLM (Shariah) Member, Ulama Council of Pakistan. Ibn Ziyad replied that Husayn must surrender or he should be subdued by force,[58] and that to compel him, he and his companions should be denied access to the Euphrates river. Why are you waiting for the man? [89][47], According to Wellhausen, the compassion that Yazid showed to the family of Husayn, and his cursing of Ibn Ziyad was only for show. Can We Prostrate To The Grave Of Imam Husayn (A)? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. On the way, he refused to accept the offer to go to the tribe of Tayy by pointing to his pact with Hur about not returning. It also provides the members of the Shi'a faith with a catalog of heroic norms. A shrine was built by Mukhtar ibn Abu `Ubayd ath-Thaqafi on the spot and a dome was created over the grave. Mu'awiya who did not want go give allegiance to him, prepared to fight. A tomb attributed to Daniel is located within the Kirkuk Citadel in the city of Kirkuk, Iraq. [10] In the Qur'an, in many cases, such as the Verse of Purification, the ahl al-bayt has been praised. It is claimed that 72 males (including Husayns 6 months old baby son) of Husayns companions were killed by the forces of Yazid I. [47] He collected his blood in a cupped hand and cast towards the sky, complaining to God of his suffering. The slain of Karbala will enter Paradise without any reckoning. [46] [201] Urdu poet Ghalib compares Husayn's suffering with that of Mansur al-Hallaj, a tenth century Sufi, who was executed on a charge of claiming divinity. [174] In order to enhance their legitimacy, Abbasid rulers claimed to have avenged the death of Husayn by dethroning the Umayyads. [61] The account of Abbas' death is not given in the primary sources, al-Tabari and Baladhuri, but a prominent Shi'a theologian Shaykh Al-Mufid states in his account in Kitab al-Irshad that Abbas went to the river together with Husayn but became separated, was surrounded, and killed. [22] Shemr wanted to burn that one too, but was prevented by his companions. Her father, Imra' al-Qais, a chief of Banu Kalb, came to Medina during the Caliphate of Umar, and was appointed by him as the chief of the Quda'a tribes. majlis) are arranged in places reserved for this purpose, called husayniyya. But if you do not want me anymore, I will return to my first place.". What happened to Imam Hussain's head? [189], After the White Revolution reforms of the Iranian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which were opposed by the Iranian clergy and others, Ruhollah Khomeini labelled the Shah as the Yazid of his time. Yazid's concern was especially about his two rivals in the caliphate; Husayn and Abdullah ibn Zubayr who had previously renounced allegiance. [29] According to a narration, Husayn, while the second caliph, was sitting on the pulpit of Muhammad and giving a speech, objected to him for sitting on the pulpit of Muhammad, and Umar also stopped his sermon and came down from the pulpit. According to Madelung, after Hasan's peace with Mu'awiya, Husayn married Layla, from whom Ali al-Akbar was born. But Allah placed the head besides Amir al-Momineen (as), so the head is with the body and the body is with the head. It is also narrated that Ali knew that Husayn would be killed in Karbala, and when he passed by this area, he stopped and cried, remembering Muhammad's prophecy. Contemporary Shiite circles have carefully identified Sajjad as Ali al-Awsat and Ali al-Asghar as an infant in Karbala; Among these children, Abd Allah - known by the mention of his name in the events of Ashura - is considered the other son of Husayn. [206] Most of these mix history with legend[104] and have elaborate details on Husayn's miraculous birth, which is stated to be on 10 Muharram, coinciding with his date of death. Is Husain (as) not in Kerbala? Although most pilgrims to Karbala are Shia, there are also some Sunni Muslim visitors. Shemr argued that Husayn was in his domain and letting him go would be to demonstrate weakness. H added that there were some traditions with regard to this but they were mere fabrications. Danyal Gilani 14y The battle was between Yazids army from Syria reinforced by troops from Kufa, and the caravan of families and friends of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Over the dome he fixed a green flag. He goes on to cite various narrations from Sunnis and Shiites that have clarified this issue. [180] The founder of the dynasty, Shah Ismail, considered himself to be the Mahdi (the twelfth Shi'a Imam) or his forerunner. Ibn Sa'd's army fired several volleys of arrows. [94] Tabari occasionally takes material from Ammar ibn Mu'awiya,[99] Awana[100] and other primary sources, which, however, adds little to the narrative. The women's jewelry and cloaks were also seized. [76][77] The women of Yazid's household joined the captive women in their lamentation for the dead. Ali interpreted the name "Karbala" as "Karb" and "bala" meaning "affliction" and "trial". After likening Jesus' miraculous birth to Adam's creation who was born to neither a mother nor a father and when the Christians did not accept the Islamic doctrine about Jesus, Muhammad reportedly received a revelation instructing him to call them to Mubahala, where each party should ask God to destroy the false party and their families:[24][25][26] .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, If anyone dispute with you in this matter [concerning Jesus] after the knowledge which has come to you, say: Come let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves, then let us swear an oath and place the curse of God on those who lie. The first and second Rashidun Caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar, are buried next to Muhammad. [30], During the Caliphate of Ali, Husayn, along with his brothers Hasan and Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, and his cousin, Abdullah ibn Ja'far were among closest allies of Ali. He informed his followers of the situation and asked them to leave. Husayn wrote back affirmatively that a rightful leader is the one who acts according to the Qur'an and promised to lead them with the right guidance. Negotiations failed after the Umayyad governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad refused Husayn safe passage without submitting to his authority, a condition declined by Husayn. [52] Husayn said to them: I did not come to you until your letters were brought to me, and your messengers came to me saying, 'Come to us, for we have no imam.' [224] He too sees Husayn's death as a sacrifice made in the path of God, and condemns Yazid as being bereft of divine love. The Kufans had fought the Umayyads and their Syrian allies during the First Fitna, the five-year civil war which had established the Umayyad Caliphate. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Theophilus's history corroborates the death in battle of Husayn and most of his men at Karbala after suffering from thirst. [30], Husayn is placed as an example for the second weight in the narrations related to "Thaqalin". To atone for what they perceived as their sin, they began a movement known as Tawwabin uprising, under Sulayman ibn Surad, a companion of Muhammad, to fight the Umayyads, and attracted large-scale support. Sunni Muslims likewise regard the incident as a historical tragedy; Husayn and his companions are widely regarded as martyrs by both Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. Do you see how beautiful these stars are? According to majority of narrations, Husayn was born on the 5th of Sha'ban 4 AH (10 January 626 CE)[10] in Medina and was still a child when his grandfather, Muhammad, died. Phone: 07801749233. Is Imam Hussain related to Prophet Muhammad? [126] Anthropologist Michael Fischer states that commemoration of the Battle of Karbala by the Shi'a is not only the retelling of the story, but also presents them with "life models and norms of behavior" which are applicable to all aspects of life, which he calls the Karbala Paradigm. [226], Grandson of Muhammad and the 3rd Imam (626680), During the caliphate of Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman, Modern historical views on motivations of Husayn. Shemr wanted to kill Husayn's only surviving son Ali Zayn al-Abidin, who had not taken part in the fighting because of illness, but was prevented by Ibn Sa'd. A mawla of Husayn's wife later claimed that Husayn had suggested that he be allowed to leave, so that all parties could allow the fluid political situation to clarify. Oleg Grabar (ed.). We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Ibn Sa'd agreed to this respite. [219] Famous Urdu poets Mir Taqi Mir, Mirza Rafi Sauda, Mir Anees, and Mirza Salaamat Ali Dabeer have also composed marthiya. The Umayyad army was routed at the Battle of Khazir in August 686 and Ibn Ziyad was slain. Similarly, Husayn's mother Fatima is believed to be weeping for him in paradise and the weeping of believers is considered to be a way of sharing her sorrows. [47] According to Howard, some traditional sources have a tendency to exonerate Yazid at the cost of Ibn Ziyad and lower authorities. Yazid removed Nu'man ibn Bashir al-Ansari as governor of Kufa due to his inaction, and installed Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, then governor of Basra, in his place. Williams, Caroline. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved Although most pilgrims to Karbala are Shia, there are also some Sunni Muslim visitors. After the assassination of Ali, he obeyed his brother in recognizing HasanMuawiya treaty, in spite of being suggested to do otherwise. [149][150] According to Vaglieri, only the adherents of the Umayyad who considered him as "a rebel against the established authority", condoned his murder by Yazid, but their opinion was opposed by the majority of Muslims. [121][123] Occasionally, especially in the past, some Sunni participation in majalis and processions has been observed. Like other Imams, Husayn is a mediator with God for those who call on him; "it is through his intercession (Tawassul) that his faithful followers obtain guidance and attain salvation." Opinion 1 - Buried beside the Holy Grave of Imam Ali (as). Fearing the crusaders, Ashkelon's ruler Sayf al-Mamlaka Tamim brought the head to Cairo on 31 August 1153 (8 Jumada al-Thani, AH 548). Imam Hussain Rali yallahoo tha'alah Anhu is the grand son of Prophet Mohammed Sallalahoo Alaihi Wassalaam. [10], According to Madelung, Husayn had two sons named Ali. Therefore Ali Zayn al-Abidin was considered "the son of the two elect" (, Tirmidhi, Vol. Aaron, Moses' brother, gave the same names to his sons after learning the names God had chosen for Ali's children. Or that the body of Amir al-Momineen (as) is like the body for the head of Imam Husain (as), since both of them are from the same light (noor). After Husayn's death, Rubab spent a year in grief at his grave and refused to marry again. [164][165][163] The head remained buried in Ashkelon until 1153 (for about 250 years) only. [141] Many Sunni commentators have also stated that the people in it are Ali, Fatima, Hasan and Husayn. Husayn at this point is reported to have considered turning back, but was persuaded to push forward by Ibn Aqil's brothers, who wanted to avenge his death; Although forty-five horsemen and one hundred foot-soldiers, or a total of a few hundred men have been reported by some sources. [146], In the category of sermons of Husayn Ibn Ali, there are some sermons of him in the pre-Imamate period, some of which are very famous. [103][104] Information on the battle found in the works of Dinawari and Ya'qubi is also based on Abu Mikhnaf's Maqtal,[94] although they occasionally provide some extra notes and verses. [110] Husayn's son Zayn al-Abideen is reported to have spent the rest of his life weeping for his father. ", The Imam (as) replied, "One is the place of the head of Imam Husain (as) and other is the place of house of al-Qaim (atfs).". [152][153] According to historian Syed Akbar Hyder, Mahatma Gandhi attributed the historical progress of Islam, to the "sacrifices of Muslim saints like Husayn" rather than military force. [Video] Having food and drink of others may be Haram! [70] Other secondary sources include al-Mas'udi's Muruj al-Dhahab, Ibn Ath'am's Kitab al-Futuh, Shaykh al-Mufid's Kitab al-Irshad, and Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani's Maqatil al-Talibiyyin. [195] According to Aghaie, the Shah's hostility towards various Muharram rituals, which he considered to be uncivilized, contributed to his fall. What happened after Imam Hussain martyred? [92], The primary source of the Karbala narrative is the work of the Kufan historian Abu Mikhnaf titled Kitab Maqtal Al-Husayn. Placed next to Imam Hussains shrine are the graves of two of his sons Ali Akbar and Ali Asghar. Once they were ready, Imam (as) asked me which mount I preferred. Can We Light Candles In Remembrance Of Imam Husayn (A)? [45] They were dissatisfied with Hasan's abdication[43] and strongly resented Umayyad rule. [203] Although Maqatil on the deaths of Ali, Uthman and various others have been written,[204] the Maqtal genre has focused mainly on the story of Husayn's death. About the words of Imam Sadiq (as), "The head is with the body", i.e. Husayn's relatives, who had not taken part in the fighting so far, joined the battle. Although most pilgrims to Karbala are Shia, there are also some Sunni Muslim visitors. [Video] Which days of the year are recommended for fasting? [220], In Sufism, where annihilation of the self (nafs) and suffering in the path of God are paramount principles, Husayn is seen as a model Sufi. Except for Muhammad, Ali and Hasan, they had said the same thing. These Musnads, like the Musnad of the Companions of the Prophet of Islam, also have a Musnad named Husayn Ibn Ali. Husayn, however, was not afraid of death and stopped in an area called Karbala, on the outskirts of Kufa. [140] Sunni commentators such as Fakhr Razi and Ibn Kathir, in their commentary, while narrating various narrations about the example of Ahl al-Bayt in this verse, consider Ali, Fatima, Hasan and Husayn as examples. Then said, "Yunus! Shia mourn during Muharram, although Sunnis do so to a much lesser extent. The burial of Hasan's body near that of Muhammad, was another problem which could have led to bloodshed, as Marwan ibn Hakam swore that he would not permit Hasan to be buried near Muhammad with Abu Bakr and Umar, while Uthman was buried in the cemetery of al-Baqi. [17], When Husayn reached the area of Zabalah, he found out that his messenger, Qais ibn Mushar Sa'idawi - or his brother-in-law, Abdullah ibn Yaqtar - who had been sent from Hejaz to Kufa to inform the people of Husayn's imminent arrival, was exposed and killed by falling from the roof of Kufa Palace. When the maid recited verses from the Qur'an and a poem about the instability of the world and the death of man, Husayn set her free and gave her property. [10] He remained alongside him, accompanying him in the battlefields. [96] Although as an Iraqi, Abu Mikhnaf had pro-Alid tendencies, his reports generally do not contain much bias on his part. The sermons and letters of Husayn ibn Ali during his Imamate are more than before him. 217ff. Imam Ali bin Hussain (as) to bury these martyrs. He kept on saying right and left till we came to some red gravel and the Imam (as) said, "This is the place." The Barzilai Medical Centre in the coastal town of Ashkelon is home to a tomb where, in the view of some Muslims, the head of Hazrat Imam Hussain (RA), the grandson of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), lay buried for centuries following his death in battle. [168] According to Heinz Halm, this was a struggle for political leadership between the second generation of Muslims, in which the poorly equipped pretender ended up losing. Shemr, who commanded the left wing of the Umayyad army, launched an attack, but after losses on both sides he was repulsed. You will need to follow the instructions in that message in order to gain full access to the site. Banu Asad could not recognize the bodies with out their heads. [181][182] Similarly, Qajars also patronized Muharram rituals such as processions, taziya and majalis, to improve the relationship between the state and the public. According to him, Husayn was convinced that "the family of the Prophet was divinely chosen to lead the community founded by Moammad, as the latter had been chosen, and had both an inalienable right and an obligation to seek this leadership." [101] Most of these sources took material from Abu Mikhnaf, in addition to some from the primary works of Awana, al-Mada'ini and Nasr ibn Muzahim. Yazid, Madelung argues, wanted to end Husayn's opposition, but as a caliph of Islam could not afford to be seen as publicly responsible and so diverted blame onto Ibn Ziyad by hypocritically cursing him. He asked to be allowed to leave. [20], The traditional narration "Every day is Ashura and every land is Karbala!" It is considered to be one of the holiest Islamic sites in Egypt. Imam Hussain Rali yallahoo tha'alah Anhu Head was . [108], Mourning for Husayn is considered by Shi'as to be a source of salvation in the afterlife,[111] and is undertaken as a remembrance of his suffering. Why Mourn An Event That Took Place 1400 Years Ago? Then He moved slightly to the right where there was a spring of water with which the Imam (as) did Wudhu. His name and Hassan's, due to their young age, are among those who pledge allegiance in renewing allegiance to the Prophet, which indicates the Prophet's goal in strengthening their historical and social status. Do as I did." There are also prayers left by Husayn Ibn Ali which have been published in the form of collections entitled Al-Sahifa Al-Husayn or prays of Imam Al-Husayn. [87], Based on an official report sent to caliph Yazid, which describes the battle of Karbala very briefly, stating that it lasted for no longer than a siesta, Lammens concludes that there was no battle at all but a quick massacre that was over in an hour; he suggests that the detailed accounts found in the primary sources are Iraqi fabrications, since their writers were dissatisfied with their hero being killed without putting up a fight. [17] He was the younger son of Ali, the cousin of Muhammad, and Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad, both from the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe. [31], According to several narrations, Ali asked Hasan and Husayn to defend the third Caliph during the Siege of Uthman and carry water to him. Access to the site, Fatima, Hasan and Husayn Every land is Karbala! death of ibn. ], the head is with the holy Grave of Imam Husayn ( a?! As `` Karb '' and `` bala '' meaning `` affliction '' and bala... 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